Bible version: NRSVUE (New Revised Standard Version Updated)
The common view is that God is three persons in one being or substance. Each of the persons is fully God, but the Father is not the Son, the Son is not the Spirit, and the Spirit is not the Father.
Problem 1: Believing that God is three persons contradicts scriptures that speak of God as a singular individual—as a one, not a plurality (Deut. 4:35, 39; 6:4-9; Isa. 43:10-11; 44:6; 45:5-6; 1 Kgs. 8:60; Mal. 2:10; Mark 12:28-34; John 17:3; Rom 3:30; Eph 4:6; 1 Tim. 2:5; Jas. 2:19). Just imagine how well-known scriptures would change if God were three persons (John 3:16; Jer. 29:11).
Problem 2: If God were three persons we find serious logical difficulties. Questions multiply. Why doesn’t the Bible say God is three persons or explain the idea? Why wasn’t it included in the preaching in the book of Acts? How is belief in three persons not tritheism? If the spirit is a person, what’s his name? Why doesn’t anyone pray to the spirit? Why doesn’t the spirit receive worship or give greetings?
Problem 3: The tri-personal idea slowly evolved over time. Tertullian first used the word trinitas, but didn’t recognize the Father, Son, and Spirit as coequal. Origen of Alexandria developed the concept of eternal generation, but he too believed the Father was greater than the Son. It’s not until Gregory of Nazianzus in the mid to late fourth century that we get a clear statement of God as three persons in one being (Fifth Theological Oration 31).
Solution: The Bible teaches that the Father is the only true God (John 17:3), Jesus is his Son, the Messiah, and the spirit is their presence in the world.
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